|
Biometrics in schools have been used primarily in the UK and US since the early first decade of the 21st century, with some use of biometric technology in schools in Asia also. Biometric technology is used to address truancy, to replace library cards, or to charge for meals. School biometrics, typically electronic fingerprinting systems, have raised privacy concerns because of the creation of databases that would progressively include the entire population. The UK introduced legal duties on schools, if they wish to use biometric information about pupils, in the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012. ==Fingerprinting== Schools use pupils' biometric data for cashless catering, libraries, payment systems, registration and locker systems. In the UK biometric technology in schools was initially used for library book issue, approved for use by the UK's Information Commissioner's Office〔http://biometricsinschools.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/ico-letter-2001.jpg〕 in 2001 and the Department for Education〔http://biometricsinschools.files.wordpress.com/2013/08/dfes-letter-2002.jpg〕 in 2002. Within a few years biometrics were being used for cashless catering systems, enabling parents to deposit money into pupils' catering accounts, to be debited by a child's biometric fingerprint scan at the point of sale. In the USA biometrics systems are used primarily for catering, as mentioned above, with library and registration biometrics in use also. Fingerprint locking systems are also used in the United Kingdom (fingerprint lock in the Holland Park School in London,〔( Empreintes digitales pour les enfants d'une école de Londres ) 〕) databases, etc., in Belgium (école Marie-José in Liège 〔(Empreintes digitales pour sécuriser l'école ? ) 〕〔(Le lecteur d'empreintes dans les écoles crée la polémique ), 7 Sur 7, February 5, 2007 〕), in France, in Italy, etc. When children use systems in which their biometric fingerprints are processed in school no image of the fingerprint is stored, although the fingerprint data stored can be potentially used in the same way as an image of a fingerprint. A series of digits (some 30) is created so the computer can recognise a child when he/she places their fingerprint on a scanner. The data stored can be interoperable〔http://www.fbi.gov/foia/privacy-impact-assessments/iafis-ngi-interoperability-1〕 with Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) used by police and other agencies to store fingerprint data. It is claimed to be impossible to reconstruct a finger print from biometric readers, although research in 2007 was undertaken and the paper 'From Template to Image: Reconstructing Fingerprints from Minutiae Points' 〔()〕 was published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.〔()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Biometrics in schools」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|